Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a chronic digestive disorder that occurs when stomach acid or bile flows back into the esophagus, causing irritation and inflammation. The main symptom of GERD is heartburn, a burning sensation in the chest that can be accompanied by regurgitation of sour or bitter-tasting fluid into the mouth. Other symptoms may include difficulty swallowing, a persistent cough, hoarseness, or a feeling of a lump in the throat.

GERD occurs when the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), a muscle that acts as a valve between the stomach and the esophagus, weakens or relaxes inappropriately. Several factors can contribute to the development of GERD, such as obesity, hiatal hernia, pregnancy, certain medications, and certain foods or beverages. Lifestyle modifications such as avoiding trigger foods, maintaining a healthy weight, elevating the head of the bed, avoiding meals prior to bedtime, and eating smaller meals can help manage GERD symptoms.

In addition to lifestyle changes, medications are commonly used to treat GERD. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and H2 blockers are medications that can help reduce stomach acid production and provide relief from GERD symptoms. These medications are available over-the-counter or with a prescription, depending on the severity of symptoms. However, it's important to use them under the guidance of a healthcare professional to ensure proper dosing and to monitor for any potential side effects. If conservative measures and medications do not effectively control symptoms or if complications arise, such as esophageal inflammation or strictures, surgical interventions may be considered.

It's crucial to consult with a healthcare professional if you suspect you have GERD to receive an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment. They can evaluate your symptoms, perform tests, such as endoscopy, if necessary, and develop an individualized management plan to alleviate your symptoms and prevent complications. With proper management and lifestyle modifications, most people with GERD can effectively control their symptoms and improve their quality of life.