Gastric Ulcer

Gastric ulcers, also known as stomach ulcers, are open sores that develop on the lining of the stomach. They occur when the protective layer of mucus in the stomach is damaged or reduced, allowing stomach acid to erode the stomach lining. The primary cause of gastric ulcers is infection with the Helicobacter pylori bacterium, which is commonly acquired through contaminated food or water. Other factors that can contribute to the development of gastric ulcers include long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as aspirin or ibuprofen, excessive alcohol consumption, smoking, and stress.

The most common symptom of gastric ulcers is a burning pain in the upper abdomen, often occurring between meals or during the night. Other symptoms may include bloating, belching, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, and unintentional weight loss. If left untreated, gastric ulcers can lead to complications such as bleeding, perforation (a hole in the stomach lining), or stomach obstruction.

Diagnosis of gastric ulcers typically involves a combination of medical history review, physical examination, and tests such as an upper endoscopy or imaging studies. Treatment for gastric ulcers aims to reduce the production of stomach acid, treat the H. pylori bacteria if present, and promote healing of the ulcer. This may involve a combination of medications such as proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and antibiotics. Lifestyle modifications, such as avoiding triggers like spicy foods or alcohol, managing stress, and quitting smoking, can also play a role in managing and preventing gastric ulcers. Regular follow-up with a healthcare professional is important to monitor the healing process and ensure proper management of gastric ulcers.